Spatial Genetic Structure and Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of Argentinean Populations of the Grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Spatial Genetic Structure and Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of Argentinean Populations of the Grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus 英文参考文献.doc

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Spatial Genetic Structure and Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of Argentinean Populations of the Grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus 英文参考文献

SpatialGeneticStructureandMitochondrialDNA PhylogeographyofArgentineanPopulationsofthe GrasshopperDichropluselongatus NataliaRosetti,MariaIsabelRemis* DepartamentodeEcolog?′a,Gene′ticayEvolucio′n,FacultaddeCienciasExactasyNaturales,UniversidaddeBuenosAires,BuenosAires,Argentina Abstract Manygrasshopperspeciesareconsideredofagronomicalimportancebecausetheycausedamagetopasturesandcrops. Comprehensionofpestpopulationdynamicsrequiresaclearunderstandingofthegeneticdiversityandspatialstructureof populations. In this study we report on patterns of genetic variation in the South American grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus which is an agricultural pest of crops and forage grasses of great economic significance in Argentina. We use Direct Amplification of Minisatellite Regions (DAMD) and partial sequences of the cytochrome oxydase 1 (COI) mitochondrial gene to investigate intraspecific structure, demographic history and gene flow patterns in twenty Argentineanpopulationsofthisspeciesbelongingtodifferentgeographicandbiogeographicregions.DAMDdatasuggest that, although genetic drift and migration occur within and between populations, measurable relatedness among neighbouringpopulationsdeclineswithdistanceanddispersaloverdistancesgreaterthan200kmisnottypical,whereas effective gene flow may occur for populations separated by less than 100km. Landscape analysis was useful to detect genetic discontinuities associated with environmental heterogeneity reflecting the changing agroecosystem. The COI resultsindicatetheexistenceofstronggeneticdifferentiationbetweentwogroupsofpopulationslocatedatbothmargins oftheParana′ RiverwhichbecameseparatedduringclimateoscillationsoftheMiddlePleistocene,suggestingasignificant restrictionineffectivedispersionmediatedbyfemalesandlargescalegeographicdifferentiation.Thenumberofmigrants betweenpopulationsestimatedthroughmitochondrialandDAMDmarkerssuggestthatgeneflowislowpromptinganon- homogeneousspatialstructureandjustifyingthevariationthroughspace.Mor