Specialized Motor-Driven dusp1 Expression in the Song Systems of Multiple Lineages of Vocal Learning Birds 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Specialized Motor-Driven dusp1 Expression in the Song Systems of Multiple Lineages of Vocal Learning Birds 英文参考文献.doc

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Specialized Motor-Driven dusp1 Expression in the Song Systems of Multiple Lineages of Vocal Learning Birds 英文参考文献

SpecializedMotor-Drivendusp1ExpressionintheSong SystemsofMultipleLineagesofVocalLearningBirds HaruhitoHorita1,2,3,MasahikoKobayashi4,Wan-chunLiu5,KotaroOka2,ErichD.Jarvis1*, KazuhiroWada3,4 * 1Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 2School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, 3Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan,4SchoolofLifeScience,HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan,5FieldResearchCenter,TheRockefellerUniversity,Millbrook,New York,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Mechanisms for the evolution of convergent behavioral traits are largely unknown. Vocal learning is one such trait that evolvedmultipletimesandisnecessaryinhumansfortheacquisitionofspokenlanguage.Amongbirds,vocallearningis evolvedinsongbirds,parrots,andhummingbirds.Eachtimesimilarforebrainsongnucleispecializedforvocallearningand production have evolved. This finding led to the hypothesis that the behavioral and neuroanatomical convergences for vocallearningcouldbeassociatedwithmolecularconvergence.Wepreviouslyfoundthattheneuralactivity-inducedgene dualspecificityphosphatase1(dusp1)wasup-regulatedinnon-vocalcircuits,specificallyinsensory-inputneuronsofthe thalamusandtelencephalon;however,dusp1wasnotup-regulatedinhigherordersensoryneuronsormotorcircuits.Here weshowthatsongmotornucleiareanexceptiontothispattern.Thesongnucleiofspeciesfromallknownvocallearning avian lineages showed motor-driven up-regulation of dusp1 expression induced by singing. There was no detectable motor-driven dusp1 expression throughout the rest of the forebrain after non-vocal motor performance. This pattern contrastswithexpressionofthecommonlystudiedactivity-inducedgeneegr1,whichshowsmotor-drivenexpressionin songnucleiinducedbysinging,butalsomotor-drivenexpressioninadjacentbrainregionsafternon-vocalmotorbehaviors. Inthe