Unilateral congenital elongation of the cervical part of the internal carotid artery with kinking and looping two case reports and review of the literature 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Unilateral congenital elongation of the cervical part of the internal carotid artery with kinking and looping two case reports and review of the literature 英文参考文献.doc

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Unilateral congenital elongation of the cervical part of the internal carotid artery with kinking and looping two case reports and review of the literature 英文参考文献

Head Face Medicine BioMedCentral Case report Open Access Unilateral congenital elongation of the cervical part of the internal carotid artery with kinking and looping: two case reports and review of the literature Nikolai A Ovchinnikov?1, Ramesh T Rao?2 and Suresh R Rao*?1 Address: 1Anatomy Cell Biology Unit, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies and 2Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies Email: Nikolai A Ovchinnikov - docnic@.tt; Ramesh T Rao - varun1195@; Suresh R Rao* - s4chavan@yahoo.co.in * Corresponding author ?Equal contributors Published: 25 July 2007 Received: 28 August 2006 Accepted: 25 July 2007 Head Face Medicine 2007, 3:29 doi:10.1186/1746-160X-3-29 This article is available from: /content/3/1/29 ? 2007 Ovchinnikov et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Unilateral and bilateral variation in the course and elongation of the cervical (extracranial) part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) leading to its tortuosity, kinking and coiling or looping is not a rare condition, which could be caused by both embryological and acquired factors. Patients with such variations may be asymptomatic in some cases; in others, they can develop cerebrovascular symptoms due to carotid stenosis affecting cerebral circulation. The risk of transient ischemic attacks in patients with carotid stenosis is high and its surgical correction is indicated for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Detection of developmental variations of the ICA and evalua