第4篇紫外可见光分光光度分析.ppt

The analysis method, which is based on selective absorption of the matter to the light, includes Color method, ultraviolet obvious spectrophotometer method, and infrared spectrometry and so on. This chapter discusses absorption photometry in the visible range (spectrophotometer method or luminosity analytic method). The characteristic of Colorimetry and Absorption Photometry ★High Sensitivity: Commonly used to determine the micro component in the test specimen whose quality score is 1%~10-5, even can determine the trace amount component. whose quality score is lower to 10-6~10-8. ★The accuracy is high: the relative error of Colorimetry is 5%~10%；and Absorption Photometry is 2%~5%. ★Applies broadly: almost all inorganic ions and many organic compounds may be determined directly or indirectly by the Colorimetry or the Absorption Photometry. ★The instrument is simple, easy to operate. 2.The fundamental law of the light absorption When a bunch of parallel monochromatic lights through any even, non-scattering solid, liquid or gas medium, partly is absorbed, partly is penetrate medium, partly is reflected by household utensils superficial. Like chart 6-3 shows, supposes the intensity of the insert light is I0, the intensity of the absorption light is Ia, the intensity of the penetration light is It, the intensity of the reflection light is Ir. Transmittance The ratio of penetration light intensity It and insert light intensity Io is called the transitivity or the transmittance, indicated with T. The bigger the transitivity of the solution is, indicating it is smaller to the light absorption; On the contrary, the transitivity is smaller, indicating it is bigger to the light absorption. Lambert-Beer’s law Lambert J H and Beer A have studied the quota relations of light absorption and solution level thickness and the solution concentration in 1760 and in 1852 separately, the two unions is called Lambert - Bill law, also is called the light a