定语从句和状语从.ppt

定语从句和状语从句 定语从句做题技巧 ：三步曲:?第一找出先行词;?第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);??第三选择合适的关系词 引导定语从句的关联词: 1.关系代词: that, which, whose, who, whom, as; 2.关系副词: when, where, why 关系代词定语中做主语,宾语和定语,关系副词在句中做状语. 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词和代词 2.关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful 3. who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to 使用要点 （1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。 This is the house in which we lived last year. Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for. （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。 例如： The city that she lives in is very far away 关系词只能用that的情况： 1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam 2. 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词, 关系代词一般只用that. The book doesn’t say much that amuses children. That’s all (that) I could do at that time. 3. 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, no, some , very等词修饰, 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词为that. He is the only person that was present at the time. No sample that we have received is satisfactory. 4. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 5.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 关系词只能用which而不用that ： 1.. 在非限制性定语从句中, 不能用that, 做宾语用的代词不能省略. The Heavenly Lake, which is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan Mountain. There are 30 students in the class, the majority of whom are from the city. 2. which可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句. New C