语法复习专项.ppt

语法复习 三大从句（定语从句；名词性从句；状语从句） 四大动词（动词的时态和语态；动词短语；情态动词及虚拟语气；非谓语动词） 特殊句式（倒装；强调；省略） 情态动词 Can/could①表能力②表请求允许③肯定句中“有时会”It can be very cold in the mountains./He can be really difficult to deal with sometimes.④否定、疑问推测⑤ can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做/can’t help to do sth.不能帮忙做/can’t (help) but do 只好做sth./can’t/can never…too/over/enough再。。。也不为过 May/might①表示请求允许②肯定、否定推测③祝愿May you succeed.祝你成功④may well do sth.很可能做/may/might as well do sth.不妨做 must①表“必须，应该”②肯定推测③偏偏，偏要，常用于疑问句和条件句If you must do sth./Why must you do sth.? shall①一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求意见②二、三人称陈述句，表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁、（法律、法规、条约的）规定、决心 should ① 应该 ②按道理说应该 ③竟然 ④万一 ⑤用于虚拟语气中 will/would①第二人称表征求意见②表示“意愿”③表示功能倾向The door won’t/wouldn’t open/lock/shut.④表示习惯性的动作 need/dare 实义动词常用于肯定句need/dare to do sth./don’t need to do sth./don’t dare (to) do sth. 情态动词常用语否定句、疑问句、条件句有need/dare(d) (not) do sth. 情态动词+have done 1)表示对过去动作的推测 must/may/might have done 肯定推测 can/could have done 疑问推测 may not/might not/can’t/couldn’t have done sth.否定推测 2)表示虚拟 might have done 本可以做却未做 could have done本能够做却未做 should/ought to have done本应该做却未做 shouldn’t/ought not to have done本不应该做却做了 needn’t have done本没必要做却做了 注意点：①无mustn’t have done和need have done ②needn’t have done本没必要做却做了 didn’t need to do本没必要做，实际也未做 ③might have done/could have done既可表推测也可表虚拟 虚拟语气 主语从句中 It is a pity/a shame/important/necessary/strange/suggested /required/ordered that sb. should do sth. 宾语从句中 ①would rather (that) sb. had done过去/did/were 现在/将来 ②if only/wish that sb. had done过去/did/were现在/would/could/might do将来 ③“命令”order, command, “建议”suggest, advise, propose, recommend, “要求”require, request, demand, urge, insist, ask”等词后面的名词性从句中要使用虚拟语气，that sb. (should ) sth. 表语从句中My suggestion/requirement/order is that sb. should do sth. 同位语从句中I put forward a suggestion/requirement/ order that sb. should do sth 定语从句中It is (high/about) time that sb. should do sth./did sth. 状语从句中 ①if 虚拟条件句：倒装式；错综虚拟；含蓄虚拟with/without/but for/or/otherwise ②as if/though sb. had done过去/did/were现在/would/could/might do将来 If Paul had received six mo