语法复习：动词时态.ppt

现在完成时 现在完成时的 “用法” 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 通常与just, already, before, yet, never, ever 连用. ★I have never heard of that before. ★Have you milked the cow yet? 现在完成时的 “用法” 2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态. 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状语连用. 如: for, since, so far, now, today, this week (month, year) 等. ★I haven’t seen her these days. ★What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 现在完成时的 “用法” 3. 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时完成的动作(比主句的动作早完成). ★Don’t open the door until the bus has stopped. ★If it has stopped snowing, we’ll go to the park. 现在完成时的 “用法” ★延续动词与瞬间动词用于完成时的区别: ★延续动词表示经验,经历; ★瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 ★ He has completed the work. 　 ★ Ive known him since then. 　 过去完成时 过去完成时的 “用法” 1. 表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态;句中常用by, before, until, when 等时间状语. ★By the end of last term, we had learned 12 units.　 ★Mary had been a nurse before she went to / entered medical college.　 2. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 ★I heard that he had been fired by the company.　 ★He said (that) he had never been to the USA.　 过去完成时的 “用法” 过去完成时的 “用法” 3. 表示意向的动词, 如 hope, suppose, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, 等, 用过去完成时表示“原本打算做而未做的事, 未能… ★He had meant to see me off , but he got to the airport too late.　 ★I had thought you could pass the exam, but you failed. 过去完成时的 “用法” 4. 在虚拟语气中, 表示对过去的假设. ★要是你昨晚有来就好了。 If only you had come last night.　 过去完成时的 “用法” 5. 在 hardly…when… 和 no sooner … than... (一….就….)句式中, 主句用过去完成时, 且常用倒状。 ★Hardly had I come back when the telephone rang. No sooner had I returned than the telephone rang.　 过去将来时 过去将来时的 “用法” 1. 表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作, 或表示过去习惯性动作,它常用在宾语从句中. ★Whenever I had trouble then, he would help me. ★Would it be all right if he knew his illness? * 语法复习： 动 词 时 态 一般现在时 一般现在时的 “用法” 1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用. ★I leave home for school at 7 every morning. ★Sometimes he cycles to work . 2.表示 客观真理, 客观存在, 科学事实. ★The earth moves around the sun. ★He told me Shanghai lies in the east of China. 一般现在时的 “用法” 3.表示状态,感觉,思想,理