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Application, Design, and Manufacturing of Conical Involute Gears for Power Transmissions Dr. J. B?rner,　K. Humm,　Dr. F. Joachim,　Dr. H. Yakaria, ZF Friedrichshafen AG , 88038Friedrichshafen, Germany； [ABSTRACT] Conical involute gears (beveloids) are used in transmissions with intersecting or skew axes and for backlash-free transmissions with parallel axes. Conical gears are spur or helical gears with variable addendum modification (tooth thickness) across the face width. The geometry of such gears is generally known, but applications in power transmissions are more or less exceptional. ZF has implemented beveloid gear sets in various applications: 4WD gear units for passenger cars, marine transmissions (mostly used in yachts), gear boxes for robotics, and industrial drives. The module of these beveloids varies between 0.7 mm and 8 mm in size, and the crossed axes angle varies between 0°and 25°. These boundary conditions require a deep understanding of the design, manufacturing, and quality assurance of beveloid gears. Flank modifications, which are necessary for achieving a high load capacity and a low noise emission in the conical gears, can be produced with the continuous generation grinding process. In order to reduce the manufacturing costs, the machine settings as well as the flank deviations caused by the grinding process can be calculated in the design phase using a manufacturing simulation. This presentation gives an overview of the development of conical gears for power transmissions: Basic geometry, design of macro and micro geometry, simulation, manufacturing, gear measurement, and testing. 1　Introduction In transmissions with shafts that are not arranged parallel to the axis, torque transmission is possible by means of various designs such as bevel or crown gears , universal shafts , or conical involute gears (beveloids). The use of conical involute gears is particularly ideal for small shaft angles (less than 15°), as they offer benefits with regard to