12肾衰（12 renal failure）.docVIP

12肾衰（12 renal failure） Iv. Brief introduction Describe the causes and classification of acute renal failure. [answer] acute renal failure can be divided into three categories: prerenal, renal and post-renal. The causes of prerenal failure of acute renal failure include various types of shock, heart failure and low blood volume. The causes of renal acute renal failure are long-term continuous renal ischemia, acute renal poisoning, renal tubule obstruction and acute renal disease. Causes of renal failure of acute renal failure caused by urinary calculi, tumor, prostate hypertrophy and other causes of urinary obstruction. 2. Describe the changes of the body during acute renal failure. [answer] due to the decrease of glomerular filtration rate and the decrease of urine volume, the body can have edema and water intoxication, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypermagnesemia and metabolic acidosis. Azotemia. 3. Describe the mechanism of renal hypertension. [answer] one of the angiotensin an aldosterone activation; 2. The ability of sodium and water retention in renal drainage; The renal formation of vasodilation is reduced (renal medulla is not sufficient for prostatesis). 4. Patients with chronic renal failure tend to have bleeding or bleeding tendency. Why? The mechanism of its occurrence is briefly described. [answer] there is a mechanism of bleeding tendency in patients with chronic renal failure. The release of the third factor of platelet was inhibited by toxicant, which reduced the activation of thrombin activator. Platelet adhesion and aggregation decreased, and the bleeding time was prolonged. 5. Describe the mechanism of hypocalcemia in chronic renal failure. [answer] 1) elevation of blood phosphorus: the product of calcium and phosphorus in plasma is a constant, and the blood phosphorus increases, and the blood calcium decreases. The increase of blood phosphorus, the increase of phosphorus in the intestinal tract, and the combination of calcium an