视频第1章 半导体二极管和半导体三极管 3页（Video frequency first chapter semiconductor diode and semiconductor triode 3 pages）.doc

视频第1章 半导体二极管和半导体三极管 3页（Video frequency first chapter semiconductor diode and semiconductor triode 3 pages） The first chapter: semiconductor diode and triode 1. basic knowledge of Semiconductors A semiconductor is a substance whose conductivity is between a conductor and an insulator. Intrinsic semiconductor is a semiconductor with no impurity and crystal integrity. There are two kinds of carriers in the semiconductor: electron and hole, and the conductivity of semiconductor depends on the number of carriers, The intrinsic semiconductor has thermal characteristics, photosensitivity, and doping characteristics. Under the condition of thermal excitation, the intrinsic semiconductor has only a few valence electrons to obtain enough energy to form electron hole pairs. Therefore, the number of carriers is low, the conductivity is poor, and it is greatly affected by temperature. The impurity concentration in the impurity semiconductor is increased greatly, and the conductivity is enhanced. According to the impurity elements, semiconductor can be divided into P type semiconductor and N type semiconductor. 2. directional conduction of PN junction When the PN junction by a positive voltage (i.e. positive bias), PN junction narrowing, PN junction forward resistance is very small, will form a larger forward current, the PN junction is conducted; on the contrary, when the PN junction with reverse voltage (i.e. reverse bias), PN junction width, PN junction reverse resistance, reverse current small, PN junction in the off state, so has a one-way conductive characteristics of PN junction. 3. semiconductor diode The semiconductor diode is made up of an electrode lead at both ends of a PN junction to make a tube core and is wrapped and reinforced with a tube shell. Therefore, unidirectional conductivity is the most important characteristic of semiconductor diodes. The common volt ampere characteristic curve of a semiconductor diode represents its performance. It consists of two parts