Chapter 3. Thermal Analysis (Chapter 12 （第三章。）.pdf

Chapter 3. Thermal Analysis (Chapter 12 Campbell White). Polymers typically display broad melting endotherms and glass transitions as major analytic features associated with their properties. Both the glass and melting transitions are strongly dependent on processing conditions and dispersion in structural and chemical properties of plastics. Characterization of polymers requires a detailed analysis of these characteristic thermal transitions using either differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) or differential thermal analysis (DTA). Additionally, polymers are viscoelastic materials with strong time and temperature dependencies to their mechanical properties. Temperature scans across the dynamic spectrum of mechanical absorptions are commonly required for characterization of polymers, especially for elastomers. These thermal/mechanical properties are characterized in dynamic mechanical/thermal analysis (DMTA). Additionally, weight loss with heating is a common phenomena for polymers due to degradation and loss of residual solvents and monomers. Weight loss on heating is studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). A complete thermal analysis of a plastic sample yields inferential information concerning the chemical composition and structure of the material. Examples: 1. The Hoffman-Lauritzen description of the crystalline melting point associates shits in the melting transition temperature with the thickness of lamellar crystallites in polymers. Such structural based shifts would suggest further study using the Scherrer approach for diffraction peak broadening and small-angle x-ray and TEM analysis. 2. Dramatic weight loss in a TGA analysis of nylon at temperatures above 100°C indicate