CHAPTER 3. COMPRESSION MEMBER DESIGN （第三章。）.pdf

CE 405: Design of Steel Structures – Prof. Dr. A. Varma CHAPTER 3. COMPRESSION MEMBER DESIGN 3.1 INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS • Compression Members: Structural elements that are subjected to axial compressive forces only are called columns. Columns are subjected to axial loads thru the centroid. • Stress: The stress in the column cross-section can be calculated as P f (2.1) A where,f is assumed to be uniform over the entire cross-section. • This ideal state is never reached. The stress-state will be non-uniform due to: - Accidental eccentricity of loading with respect to the centroid - Member out-of –straightness (crookedness), or - Residual stresses in the member cross-section due to fabrication processes. • Accidental eccentricity and member out-of-straightness can cause bending moments in the member. However, these are secondary and are usually ignored. • Bending moments cannot be neglected if they are acting on the member. Members with axial compression and bending moment are called beam-columns. 3.2 COLUMN BUCKLING • Consider a long slender compression member. If an axial load P is applied and increased slowly, it will ultimately reach a value P that will cause buckling of the column. P is called cr cr the critical buckling load of the column. 1 CE 405: Design of Steel Structures – Prof. Dr. A. Varma P P P (a) (b) (a) P (b) P cr