被动语态与虚拟语.ppt

被动语态和虚拟语气;被动语态;被动的常见结构：;History is made by the people. Nature wouldn’t cheat us, we are often cheated by ourselves. He said that the bridge would be built next year. The children are being taken care of by their aunt.;情态动词 + be + 过去分词： This must be done as soon as possible. What’s done cannot be undone. Get + 过去分词 多用口语，后面一般不接by 短语 To my surprise, he didn’t get hurt when he fell from the tree. My watch got broken while I was playing basketball.;短语动词的被动语态;由 动词+名词+介词 构成的短语动词，结构较松散，变成被动可有两种形式 1. 把短语动词看成一个整体，当做一个及物动词处理 2. 把该短语中的 动词+名词 结构作为 动词+宾语 来处理，将这个动宾结构变为被动。常用于正式文体。 We must take good care of the children. The children must be taken good care of. Good care must be taken of the children. We should make more use of this new technology. This new technology should be made more use of. More use should be made of this new technology.;主动变被动;主动结构中若宾语是个that 从句，变为被动时，可用it 做形式主语。 They know that he is an expert. He is known to be an expert. It’s known that he is an expert.;一些特殊的被动结构;主动表被动;动词 need… + doing 表被动;系动词+adj.表被动;后缀 -able 或 –ible的形容词 表被动;被动结构和系表结构区别;过去分词表动作和表状态的区分;被动结构可以跟by 短语，而系表结构一般不用by 短语 ;系表结构通常只能用于一般现在或一般过去时，而被动结构可用于多种时态;系表结构中的过去分词可被very等副词修饰；被动结构中的过去分词可用much修饰;过去分词与介词的搭配 ;虚拟语气;虚拟语气在条件句中的应用;非真实条件句;表示与过去事实相反的假设 主句would / should /could /might + have done 从句 had done If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station. We would have dropped if we had had time.;表示与将来事实相反的情况 主句would / should /could /might + do 1. 从句 过去时（be = were ） 2. 从句 should + do 3. 从句 were to +do If it rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off. 假如明天下雨，我们的计划就得推迟。（最近天气??好） 谓语动词用过去式，表示说话人认为“下雨”的可能性不大；而如果用一般现在时，则表明说话人认为下雨的可能性很大。 If he should see me, he would tell me. 如果他看见我，就会告诉我 强调偶然实现可能性，实现性比“were to do”大，比 “did” 小 If he were to come, what should we say to him? 如果他来了，我们对他说什么呢？ 较正式，多用于书面，表示实现可能性很小;省略if 的条件从句的用法;省去条件从句或主句的用法;用介词短语表示的虚拟条件句;虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用;在状语从句中的用法;在名词性从句中的应用;在宾语从句中的应用