effects of myrothecium verrucaria on ultrastructural integrity of kudzu (pueraria montana var. lobata) and phytotoxin implications野葛的超微结构完整性的影响myrothecium verrucaria(国内外葛根蒙大拿var.兜水母目)和植物毒素的影响.pdfVIP
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effects of myrothecium verrucaria on ultrastructural integrity of kudzu (pueraria montana var. lobata) and phytotoxin implications野葛的超微结构完整性的影响myrothecium verrucaria(国内外葛根蒙大拿var.兜水母目)和植物毒素的影响
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1513-1519 1513
/10.4236/ajps.2012.311182 Published Online November 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ajps)
Effects of Myrothecium verrucaria on Ultrastructural
Integrity of Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) and
Phytotoxin Implications
1 2 1 1 2
Robert E. Hoagland , C. Douglas Boyette , Kevin C. Vaughn , Neal D. Teaster , Ken Stetina
1United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Crop Production Systems Research Unit,
Stoneville, USA; 2USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, Stoneville, USA.
Email: bob.hoagland@
Received June 10th, 2012; revised September 6th, 2012; accepted October 8th, 2012
ABSTRACT
The fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. Schwein.) (MV), originally isolated from diseased sicklepod (Senna obtu-
sifolia L.), has bioherbicial activity against kudzu and several other weeds when applied with low concentrations of the
surfactant Silwet L-77. To more fully understand the initial events of MV infection or disease progression, and to im-
prove knowledge related to its mechanism of action, the effects of MV and its product (roridin A) on kudzu seedlings
were examined at the ultrastructural level. Ultrastructural analysis of MV effects on kudzu seedlings revealed a rapid
(~1 h after treatment) detachment of the protoplast from the cell wall and plasmodesmata appeared to be broken off and
retained in the wall. These symptoms occurred well in advance of the appearance of any fungal growth structures. Some
fungal growth was observed after severe tissue degeneration (24 to 48 h after treatment), but this occurred primarily at
the extra-cellular location with respect to the kudzu tissues. Kudzu seedlings tr
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