effects of nicotine on emotional reactivity in ptsd and non-ptsd smokers results of a pilot fmri study尼古丁对情感反应的影响在创伤后应激障碍和non-ptsd吸烟者飞行员功能磁共振成像研究的结果.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Pharmacological Sciences Volume 2012, Article ID 265724, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/265724 Research Article Effects of Nicotine on Emotional Reactivity in PTSD and Non-PTSD Smokers: Results of a Pilot fMRI Study Brett Froeliger,1 Jean Crowell Beckham,1, 2, 3 Michelle Feldman Dennis,1, 2 Rachel Victoria Kozink,1 and Francis Joseph McClernon1, 2 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2 Durham Veterans Aff airs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA 3 VISN 6, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC 27708, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Francis Joseph McClernon, francis.mcclernon@ Received 16 February 2012; Revised 23 March 2012; Accepted 9 April 2012 Academic Editor: Peter J. Winsauer Copyright © 2012 Brett Froeliger et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There is evidence that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may smoke in part to regulate negative affect. This pilot fMRI study examined the effects of nicotine on emotional information processing in smokers with and without PTSD. Across groups, nicotine increased brain activation in response to fearful/angry faces (compared to neutral faces) in ventral caudate. Patch x Group interactions were observed in brain regions involved in emotional and facial feature processing. These preliminary findings suggest that nicotine differentially modulates negative information processing in PTSD and non-PTSD smokers. 1. Introduction subserving