arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in sweat a systematic review砷、镉、铅和汞在汗水系统回顾.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Environmental and Public Health Volume 2012, Article ID 184745, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/184745 Review Article Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Sweat: A Systematic Review Margaret E. Sears,1, 2 Kathleen J. Kerr,3, 4 and Riina I. Bray3, 4 1 Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1 2 Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9 3 Environmental Health Clinic, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1B2 4 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1W7 Correspondence should be addressed to Margaret E. Sears, megsears@ncf.ca Received 16 July 2011; Accepted 23 October 2011 Academic Editor: Gerry Schwalfenberg Copyright © 2012 Margaret E. Sears et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury exposures are ubiquitous. These toxic elements have no physiological benefits, engendering interest in minimizing body burden. The physiological process of sweating has long been regarded as “cleansing” and of low risk. Reports of toxicant levels in sweat were sought in Medline, Embase, Toxline, Biosis, and AMED as well as reference lists and grey literature, from inception to March 22, 2011. Of 122 records identified, 24 were included in evidence synthesis. Populations, and sweat collection methods and concentrations varied widely. In individuals with higher exposure or body burden, sweat generally exceeded plasma or urine concentrations, and dermal could match or surpass