between-group variation in female dispersal, kin composition of groups, and proximity patterns in a black-and-white colobus monkey (colobus vellerosus)群体间的变异在传播女性、亲属组成的团体,在黑白疣猴和邻近模式(疣猴vellerosus).pdfVIP

Between-Group Variation in Female Dispersal, Kin Composition of Groups, and Proximity Patterns in a Black-and-White Colobus Monkey (Colobus vellerosus) 1 1 1 2 Eva C. Wikberg *, Pascale Sicotte , Fernando A. Campos , Nelson Ting * 1 Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2 Department of Anthropology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America Abstract A growing body of evidence shows within-population variation in natal dispersal, but the effects of such variation on social relationships and the kin composition of groups remain poorly understood. We investigate the link between dispersal, the kin composition of groups, and proximity patterns in a population of black-and-white colobus (Colobus vellerosus) that shows variation in female dispersal. From 2006 to 2011, we collected behavioral data, demographic data, and fecal samples of 77 males and 92 females residing in eight groups at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana. A combination of demographic data and a genetic network analysis showed that although philopatry was female-biased, only about half of the females resided in their natal groups. Only one group contained female-female dyads with higher average relatedness than randomly drawn animals of both sexes from the same group. Despite between-group variation in female dispersal and kin composition, female-female dyads in most of the study groups had higher proximity scores than randomly drawn dyads from the same group. We conclude that groups fall along a continuum from female dispersed, not kin-based, and not bonded to female philopatric, kin-based, and bonded. We found only partial support for the predicted link between dispersal,