cardiac arrest during gamete release in chum salmon regulated by the parasympathetic nerve system心脏骤停在配子释放大麻哈鱼受副交感神经系统.pdfVIP

Cardiac Arrest during Gamete Release in Chum Salmon Regulated by the Parasympathetic Nerve System 1 2 3 4 1 Yuya Makiguchi , Shinya Nagata , Takahito Kojima , Masaki Ichimura , Yoshifumi Konno , Hideki Murata2, Hiroshi Ueda1,5* 1 Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 2 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Suita, Osaka, Japan, 3 College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan, 4 Shibetsu Salmon Museum, Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, 5 Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Abstract Cardiac arrest caused by startling stimuli, such as visual and vibration stimuli, has been reported in some animals and could be considered as an extraordinary case of bradycardia and defined as reversible missed heart beats. Variability of the heart rate is established as a balance between an autonomic system, namely cholinergic vagus inhibition, and excitatory adrenergic stimulation of neural and hormonal action in teleost. However, the cardiac arrest and its regulating nervous mechanism remain poorly understood. We show, by using electrocardiogram (ECG) data loggers, that cardiac arrest occurs in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at the moment of gamete release for 7.39 61.61 s in females and for 5.2060.97 s in males. The increase in heart rate during spawning behavior relative to the background rate during the resting period suggests that cardiac arrest is a characteristic physiological phenomenon of the extraordinarily high heart rate during spawning behavior. The ECG morphological analysis showed a peaked and tall T-wave adjacent