国际法双语课件61.lawofthesea.ppt

第五章 国际海洋法The International Law of the Sea 第一节 概念及历史发展 Concept, Historical development, Codification 第二节 内水、领海及毗连区 Internal waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone 第三节用于国际航行的海峡、群岛水域 Straits Used for International Navigation, Archipelagic Waters 第四节 专属经济区、大陆架 The Exclusive Economic Zone, Continental Shelf 第五节 公海 The High Sea 第六节 国际海底区域 The International Seabed Area 第5章 第一节 概念及历史发展Concept, Historical development, Codification 一、Definition The law of the sea is the body of rules, regulations governing the relations of the states in respect of the marine territory subject to coastal state jurisdiction and those areas of the sea and seabed beyond any national jurisdiction. 二、 The Law of the Sea - History The development of the law of the sea cannot be separated from the development of international law in general. 第5章 第一节 概念及历史发展Concept, Historical development, Codification （一）海洋共有论-joint ownership of the sea 在欧洲古代和中世纪的前半叶，海洋被认为是共有之物，海洋航行是完全自由的。 （二）海洋分割论-maritime sovereignty 中世纪后半叶 Great geographical discoveries In the 15th and 16th centuries claims were laid by the powerful maritime states, especially Portugal and Spain, to the exercise of sovereignty over vast portions of the seas. Portugal claimed maritime sovereignty over the whole of the Indian Ocean and a very big part of the Atlantic. Spain claimed rights over the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. The division of the seas and oceans between Spain and Portugal by the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas was approved by the Pope. 商业垄断权，教皇子午线 第5章 第一节 概念及历史发展Concept, Historical development, Codification （三）海洋自由论与海洋分割论的并立 In opposition to the principle of maritime sovereignty, the principle of the freedom of the seas began to develop. The freedom of the high seas was seen to correspond to the general interests of all states, particularly as regards freedom of commerce between nations. Grotius (1583-1645) ，being regarded as the father of the law of the sea as well，was one of the first to attack clai