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BMC Psychiatry BioMed Central Research article Open Access Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death: A combined medico-legal and case-record study 1 2 2 3 Louise Brådvik , Mats Berglund* , Arne Frank , Anna Lindgren and Peter Löwenhielm4 Address: 1Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden, 2Clinical Alcohol Research, Malmö, Sweden, 3Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund, Sweden and 4Forensic Medicine, Lund, Sweden Email: Louise Brådvik - louise@bradvik.se; Mats Berglund* - mats.berglund@med.lu.se; Arne Frank - eva.skagert@med.lu.se; Anna Lindgren - anna@maths.lth.se; Peter Löwenhielm - peter.lowenhielm@med.lu.se * Corresponding author Published: 4 August 2009 Received: 9 December 2008 Accepted: 4 August 2009 BMC Psychiatry 2009, 9:48 doi:10.1186/1471-244X-9-48 This article is available from: /1471-244X/9/48 © 2009 Brådvik et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Substance use disorders have repeatedly been found to lead to premature death, i.e. drug-related death by disease, fatal intoxications, or trauma (accidents, suicide, undetermined suicide, and homicide). The present study examined the relationship between multi-drug substance