virus movements on the plasma membrane support infection and transmission between cells病毒在质膜上的动作支持细胞之间的感染和传播.pdfVIP

Review Virus Movements on the Plasma Membrane Support Infection and Transmission between Cells Christoph J. Burckhardt, Urs F. Greber* ¨ ¨ Institute of Zoology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland of the trajectories, such as diffusion coefficients, mean square Abstract: How viruses are transmitted across the displacements, or moment scaling spectrum [9]. mucosal epithelia of the respiratory, digestive, or excre- There is, however, more information in the movement patterns tory tracts, and how they spread from cell to cell and of virus particles at the plasma membrane, as indicated by the cause systemic infections, is incompletely understood. heterogeneity of individual trajectories [10]. The development of Recent advances from single virus tracking experiments support vector machines for trajectory segmentation has recently have revealed conserved patterns of virus movements on allowed researchers to automatically identify trajectory finger- the plasma membrane, including diffusive motions, drifting motions depending on retrograde flow of actin prints, including diffusive motions, drifting motions, and confine- filaments or actin tail formation by polymerization, and ment [11] (see Figure 1A and 1B). These three motion types can confinement to submicrometer areas. Here, we discuss be found with most of the viruses analyzed (Table 1). This suggests how viruses take advanta