第十八章 杂环化合物（Eighteenth chapter heterocyclic compounds）.docVIP

第十八章 杂环化合物（Eighteenth chapter heterocyclic compounds） Eighteenth chapter heterocyclic compounds Study requirement: Master the classification and nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds; Grasp the structure and chemical properties of five membered heterocyclic compounds, and understand their preparation; Master the properties of furfural and understand the use of some five membered heterocyclic compounds; Grasp the structure and chemical properties of pyridine, and understand the use of some six membered heterocyclic compounds; To understand the general properties and extraction methods of alkaloids. A heterocyclic compound is a cyclic compound containing atoms other than carbon (heteroatom - common N, O, S, etc.) that form a ring. Heterocyclic compounds including cyclic compounds not easily heteroatom containing the open loop, for example: In this chapter, we discuss only aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Heterocyclic compounds are a large class of organic compounds, accounting for 1/3 of all known organic compounds. Heterocyclic compounds are widely distributed in nature and have many uses. For example, alkaloids, the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine are mostly heterocyclic compounds; animals and plants play an important physiological role of heme, chlorophyll and nucleic acid bases are phenylphthalazine; some vitamins, antibiotics; some plant pigment, plant dyes, synthetic dyes containing heterocyclic. Classification and nomenclature of 18-1 heterocyclic compounds classification Two, naming The nomenclature of heterocycles is usually transliteration, which is transliteration of Chinese characters by foreign words. When the ring substituent, substituent position from the heteroatom is followed by 1,2,3,... (or alpha, beta, gamma)... ) number. When there is more than one heteroatom on a heterocycle, The numbers are numbered sequentially from O, S, and N. When the number of heteroatoms ranking numbers and should be minimal. 18-2, the five membered heterocy