第十四章 rna的生物合成（The fourteenth chapter is the biosynthesis of RNA）.docVIP

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2017-09-15 发布于河南
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第十四章 rna的生物合成（The fourteenth chapter is the biosynthesis of RNA）.doc

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第十四章 rna的生物合成（The fourteenth chapter is the biosynthesis of RNA）

第十四章 rna的生物合成（The fourteenth chapter is the biosynthesis of RNA） The fourteenth chapter is the biosynthesis of RNA Biosynthesis of RNA involves transcription and replication of RNA. Transcription (transcription): the process of synthesizing the corresponding RNA under the action of RNA polymerase, or synthesizing RNA under the guidance of DNA, using the genetic information of a segment of DNA as the template. Transcript: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, small RNA In addition to certain viral genome RNA, the vast majority of RNA molecules are derived from the products of DNA transcription. Major issues in transcription research (RNA polymerase) transcription process, post transcriptional processing, regulation of transcription The basic content of this research is that transcription regulation is the core of gene regulation. Similarities and differences between transcription and DNA replication: The same: there should be a template, the new chain extension direction 5 - 3, the base is added strictly abide by the base pairing principle. Differences: 1. Replication requires primers; transcription requires no primers. At the time of transcription, all the information of template DNA is reserved, and the template information is semi reserved when copying. At the time of transcription, the RNA polymerase has only 5 - 3 polymerization, with no 5, 3, 5, and 3 to exo activity. Transcription is the first step and the most crucial step in gene expression. The end product of gene expression: (RNA) protein The transcription process involves two aspects The enzymatic process of RNA synthesis The initiation and termination signals of RNA synthesis, that is, the specific sequence of DNA molecules. DNA positive chains: the same DNA chain as the mRNA sequence. Negative strand: DNA chain complementary to the positive chain. The starting point of the transcription unit is +1, and the starting point is the downstream (transcribed region), The origin of transcription is upstream, with negative numbers