华南―珠江流域盘古神话的北传.docVIP

华南―珠江流域盘古神话的北传 　　【摘 要】中国有关“开辟创世”和“洪水遗民、再造人类”的故事传说，分为南北两大系统：以中原的女娲、伏羲兄妹故事为代表的北方型神话系统和以珠江流域的盘古兄妹故事为代表的南方型神话系统。本文通过对《述异记》最早记载的“南海中有盘古国”“桂林有盘古祠”的历史分析和实地考察，阐明盘古神话源于华南―珠江流域的“盘古国”，三国时传于吴楚间。东晋道教理论家、炼丹术家葛洪闻交趾出丹砂而求为广西勾漏令，后止于广东的罗浮山修道、炼丹、著书，在《枕中记?众仙记》中首先把盘古列入道教神谱，奉称“盘古真人”，尊为开天辟地“元始天王”，又称“三皇”、“五帝”“皆其后裔”，便把原秦汉文献所载北方远古神话无开天辟地之神给予填补，加以整合使之衔接，将道教的神仙信仰系统化、理论化，从而构建了中华大地天帝尊神的世系，盘古神话也就随着道教渐渐在北方流传开来。而中原一带有关盘古神话故事表现为再生性和变异性的特征，充满浓厚的道教文化色彩，也正是导源于葛洪把珠江流域原生型的盘古神话加以整合使之道教化的混融性产物。 　　【关键词】华南；珠江流域；盘古国；盘古神话；道教化；北传 　　【作 者】潘其旭，广西社会科学院壮学研究中心研究员。南宁，530022 　　【中图分类号】B932【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-454X(2006)04-0129-011 　　 　　The Passes to the North of the Myth of Pangu around the 　　 Zhujiang Drainage Areas in South of China 　　―Part II of the research on the origins of Pangu deity 　　Pan Qixu 　　 　　Abstract: Chinese legends about “world inaugurating” and “people leaving away from flood, new life of mankind” can be divided into two systems of north and south: the south myth system with the stories about Nüwa in central plains and Fuxi brother and sister as its representative, as well as the south myth system with Pangu brother and sister as its representative. Based on the historical analysis and investigation on the spot upon the early records of “there is a state of Pangu in South China Sea”, “there is a temple in Guilin”in records of differences, the article makes conclusion that the myth of Pangu originated from the state of Pangu around the Zhujiang drainage areas in south of China, which passed to the Wu and Chu states in the Three Kingdoms, and gradually passed to the north along with the Taoism, full of cultural features of Taoism. 　　Key words: Zhujiang drainage areas; state of Pangu; myth of Pangu; features of Taoism 　　 　　在中国的神话传说中，有关“开辟创世”和“洪水遗民、再造人类”两类神话，从文献记载及其内容特点、文化内涵来看，大致上可分为南北两大系统，即以中原的女娲、伏羲兄妹故事为代表的北方型神话系统和以珠江流域的盘古兄妹故事为代表的南方型神话系统。其源出不同，各具特色，后来随着历史的发展和南北文化交流，当中又有互渗、变异、融合的现象，形成了多元一体的中华民族神话文化体系的格局。从中我们可以看到，历史上中华大地南北文化交流是沿着双向互动前进的。 　　 　　一、最早记载的盘古神话源于“南海盘古国” 　　 　　盘古神话源出何地？这是千百年来引人关注和不断