Lattice enthalpy terms晶格焓术语.ppt

Born-Haber Cycles Introducing Lattice Enthalpies. Lesson objectives Define lattice enthalpy terms. Construct a simple Born Haber cycle. Relate MgO Lattice enthalpy to industrial use. Lattice enthalpy terms ?H? L.E = Lattice enthalpy. The standard enthalpy change when one mole of crystalline substance is formed from its constituent gaseous ions. Na+(g) + Cl-(g) → NaCl(S) Constructing a Born Haber Cycle for NaCl But how do we get -788kJ? Method 1 ?HatmNa +?HatmCl? +?HIE? +?H1stAE+ ?HL.E= ?Hformation Rearrange in terms of ?HL.E Gives ?HL.E= ?Hformation - (?HatmNa +?HatmCl? +?HIE? +?H1stAE) = -411 – (108 + 122 + 496+ (-349)) = -788kJmol-1 Method 2 – use the diagram Method 2 continued Add all the terms together – being careful with the signs. = Total energy change =108 + 122 + 496 – 394 = 332kJ To get to the bottom line another 411kJ are needed, 411 + 377 = 788kJ But is actually -788kJ as its exothermic. * Calculating lattice enthalpies. Energy (kJ) Na(s) + 1/2Cl2(g) ?Hat?(Na) = +108KJ Na(g)+ 1/2Cl2 (g) ?H?(at) = 1/2Cl2→Cl(g) =122kJ Na(g) + Cl(g) First I.E (Na) = +496kJ Na+(g) +e- +Cl(g) First EA = -349kJ Na+(g)+ Cl-(g) ?H?f (NaCl) = -411kJ Na-+Cl- (s) L.E (Na++Cl-) = -788kJ Assume energy = 0 Energy (kJ) ?Hat?(Na) = +108KJ ?H?(at) = 1/2Cl2→Cl(g) =122kJ First I.E (Na) = +496kJ First EA = -349kJ ?H?f (NaCl) = -411kJ Na-+Cl- (s) L.E (Na++Cl-) = Start your journey here! * * *