240万吨年处理量常压蒸馏工艺设计2.docVIP

240万吨年处理量常压蒸馏工艺设计 摘 要 在中国过去几十年来虽然催化裂化技术，取得了很大的步伐，但加氢精制，加氢裂化，加氢精制和催化重整技术在未来依然要经历严格的环保法规和严格的汽油和柴油燃料质量标准的考验。不过，常减压蒸馏作为原油加工第一步，及其对炼油过程中计划和经济利益将不会受到影响。近年来由于采用新的实用技术和开发高效率设备有关常减压蒸馏的问题已引起高度重视。 常压/减压装置炼油厂原油加工的第一道工序，尽管它是纯粹物理分离过程。由于原油加工量很大，蒸馏过程对于炼厂的全部的加工方案和优化操作具有重要的影响。目前，蒸馏装置正面临着四个难题，即高的整体能耗，较低的分馏精度和拔出率，电脱盐装置不理想的操作，和含硫原油加工较低的适应能力。需要设计者﹑操作人员和专业管理者的共同努力来解决这些问题。蒸馏装置的操作水平的可以提高通过吸收先进的设计理念，先进实用技术的应用，高效率的加工设备，改善操作人员的技术和加强专业管理等措施来提高。 关键词：常减压，蒸馏，困难，措施 Abstract Although FCC technology has made great strides in China over the past decades，hydrotreating，hydrocracking,hydrofining and catalytic reforming technologies will experience an accelerated development in the future with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and stricter standards for gasoline and diesel fuel quality．Nevertheless,the atmospheric and vacuum distillation as the first step of crude oil processing is very large in capacity and its impact on refinery process scheme and economic benefits will not be affected．Over the recent years the problems related with operation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation have at tracted high attention with new practical techniques and high—efficiency equipm ent being developed and applied unintermittently． The atmospheric/vacuum distillation unit is the first procedure for crude processing at refinery despite its purely physical separation nature．Since the crude processing volume is enormous，the distillation process can have significant impact on the overall process scheme and optimized operation of the refinery．Currently the distillation units are faced with four perplexing problem s，namely high overall energy. consumption，lower fractionation precision and extractionrate，nonideal operation of electro—desalting unit，and pooradaptability to sour crude processing． Keyword: Atmospheric, Distillation，difficulty，measure 摘 要 i 一、概 述 1 1.1文献综述 1 1.1.1国内外蒸馏技术的进展 1 1.1.2 关于常压塔新技术的应用 2 1.1.3腐蚀与防护 5 1.1.4 热量回收 6 1.1.5 常压塔多变量计算机控制系统 7 1.1.6常减压蒸馏装置发展方向及其节能 9 1.2 设计的说明 9 1.2.1装置生产方案的