在组织中个体的伦理决策一个issue-contigent模型t.docVIP

組織中個體的倫理決策：一個Issue-Contingent模型(T. M. Jones) Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model 包括像華爾街內線交易的醜聞等涉及組織內部個人的倫理事件愈來愈多。企業的倫理問題逐漸受到重要，學校開設企業倫理的現象也日趨熱絡，而學術界有關企業倫理的研究以及相關的雜誌書刊這幾年都有增加之勢。 在理論解釋的模型方面： A General Theoretical Model (Trevino 1986) Marking ethics Model (Ferrel and Gresham 1985, …) A theory of Individual Ethical decision making (Rest 1986) The Empirical Contributions to Date (the study of Psychology-based Disciplines) The Study of Valued-based Issue in term of Ideological reasons or methodological problems 本文認為，moral issues會因為moral intensity而改變。倫理決策和行為的Issue-Contingent模型極有助於我們對於moral process的理解。本文是想建立一個理論或模型之間的網絡架構，並補充既有模型的不足，而不是提出一個全新的模型。 ◎Definitions moral issue是指：一個人的行為可能傷害或有利他人的後果。 moral agent是指：作道德決策的人，而即使這個人不知道決策對moral issue可能造成的利益關係。 ethical decision是指：對較大的社群而言在合法和道德方面可以接受的決策。 ◎Existing Models（現有的模型） Rest (R 1986) proposed a four-component model for individual ethical decision making and behavior, whereby a moral agent must: recognize the moral issue make a moral judgment resolve to place moral concerns a ahead of other concerns act on the moral concerns Trevino’s (T 1986) person-situation interactionist model begins with the existence of an ethical dilemma and proceeds to a cognitions stage, wherein Kohlberg’s cognitive moral development model becomes operative. Ferrell and Gresham (F/G 1985) proposed a contingency framework for ethical decision making in marketing. In this model, an ethical issue or dilemma emerges from the social or cultural environment. Dubinsky and Loken (D/L 1989) presented an ethical decision-making model based on the theory of reasoned action. This model begins with behavioral beliefs, outcome evaluations, normative beliefs, and motivation to comply. Hunt and Vitell (H/V 1986) added a teleological evaluation stage, wherein the consequences of the moral decision are evaluated, but they did not suggest a systematic relationship between consequences and subsequent elements of the model