学、政、教晚清中国知识转型的基调及其变奏.docVIP

学、政、教:晚清中国知识转型的基调及其变奏 章清 复旦大学历史系 复旦大学中外现代化进程研究中心 X 关注成功！ 加关注后您将方便地在 我的关注中得到本文献的被引频次变化的通知！ 新浪微博 腾讯微博 人人网 开心网 豆瓣网 网易微博 摘????要： 围绕学、政、教分析晚清中国的知识转型, 大致可以梳理出这样的基本线索:其一, “教”与“学”之结合构成来华西人“援西入中”的基调, 区分“西教”与“西学”, 相应成为晚清接纳近代知识的重要一环;其二, “政”与“艺”的变奏映射出中国本土对新知的接引, 方向多所调整, 内涵不断拓展;其三, “学”从“器”“技”“艺”“术”的定位中被拯救出来, 并在“普遍性”与“现代性”的论述中奠定其地位。内中所展示的“变奏”, 即是“学”取代了“教”, 超越了“政”。当然, 这些关键词其内涵并非一成不变, 尤其是伴随学科知识成长出现新的学科“语词”, 更表明其“语境”较之过往大异其趣;“学”“政”“教”三者在言说中就分别被其他的意思所替代, 所谓“学”, 不再是“西学”, 甚至也不是所谓的“新学”, 而成为“近代知识”的代名词, 涵盖“诸学科”, 而所谓的“教”与“政”, 更是被安置于“宗教”与“政治”之学。 关键词： 学术; 政艺; 政教; 知识转型; 近代知识; Learning, Politics and Religion: the Keynote and Variations of the Chinese Intellectual Transformation in Late Qing Zhang Qing Abstract： Analyzing the intellectual transformation in late Qing China in terms of learning (xue) , politics (zheng) , and religion (jiao) , we can tease out the following basic themes.First, the combination of religion and learning consisted the keynote of“introducing the West into China”by Westerners in China, and the distinction between“Western religion”and“Western learning”accordingly became an important link in the late Qing acceptance of modern knowledge.Second, the variation of“politics”and“arts (yi) ”represented the various adjustments and expanding contents in the Chinese acceptance of new knowledge.Third, “learning”was rescued from“machinery (qi) ”, “technology (ji) ”, “arts”, and“skills (shu) ”, and secured its position in the arguments of“universality”and“modernity”.There was a variation here, namely“learning”superseded“religion”and transcended“politics”.Surely, the definitions of these keywords were changing, especially when a new disciplinary vocabulary appeared along with the growth of the disciplinary knowledge.In a context significantly different from before, the meanings of the words“xue, ”“zheng, ”and“jiao”were replaced by“modern knowledge”covering all the disciplines, “political science”, and“religious studies”respectively. 梁启超1896年因应门人请求而辑成的《西学书目表》一书, 旨在指明“应读之西