脂肪酸的代谢1.pptVIP

第28章脂肪酸的分解代谢 ;一、脂质的消化、吸收和传送 甘油三酯被胰脏和十二指肠分泌的酯酶分解。 胰脏和十二指肠接头处胰脏分泌液进入十二指肠的通道。 脂肪的消化发生在脂质-水的界面处。 胆汁盐促进脂类在小肠中被吸收。 在小肠脂肪酸与胆酸盐结合形成微囊,将脂肪酸运输到小肠上皮细胞,在小肠上皮细胞再合成甘油三酯。;In the small intestine, fatty acids combine with bile salts in mixed micelles, which deliver fatty acids to epithelial cells that cover the intestinal villi. Triacylglycerols are formed within the epithelial cells.; The surface is a layer of phospholipids, with head groups facing the aqueous phase. Triacylglycerols sequestered in the interior (yellow) make up more than 80% of the mass. Several apolipoproteins that protrude from the surface (B-48, C-III, C-II) act as signals in the uptake and metabolism of chylomicron contents. The diameter of chylomicrons ranges from about 100 to 500 nm.;Entry of glycerol into the glycolytic pathway.;(一) 脂肪酸的活化 ;(二)脂肪酸转入线粒体;The formation of acylcarnitines and their transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The process involves the coordinated actions of carnitine acyltransferases on both sides of the membrane and of a translocase that shuttles O-acylcarnitines across the membrane.;(三) β-氧化;Enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in animal cells were localized in the mitochondria matrix. Revealed by Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger in 1948.;Stages of fatty acid oxidation. Stage 1: A long-chain fatty acid is oxidized to yield acetyl residues in the form of acetyl- CoA. This process is called oxidation. Stage 2: The acetyl groups are oxidized to CO2 via the citric acid cycle. Stage 3: Electrons derived from the oxidations of stages 1 and 2 pass to O2 via the mitochondrial respiratory chain, providing the energy for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation.;脂肪酸β-氧化的反应途径;脂酰-CoA脱氢酶的作用;The mechanism of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Removal of a proton from the α-C is followed by hydride transfer from the β-carbon to FAD.;从猪肝脏线粒体分离的脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶中间链的亚基结构;存在于akee未成熟果实中的降糖氨酸A(hypoglycinA)对脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶有抑制作用，可引起呕吐、昏迷甚至死亡。;The Akee Tree;烯酰-CoA水合酶的作用;L- β-??酰-CoA脱氢酶的作用;硫解