英语语法第1讲--句子结构.ppt

Subject 主语 S 主语句子中表明动作执行者或谓语描述对象的名词、名词短语或代词 I like apples very much. His father goes to work early every day. Predicate 谓语 V 谓语修饰主语。包括动词、宾语或动词所支配的短语。 Jane opened the door. The child is very sleepy. Object 宾语 O Jane opened the door. Predicative 表语 P He is strong. He looks tired. Attribute 定语 Attrib. 定语指一个词或短语(多为形容词或名词词组)，在句法上从属于它所修饰的词或短语 My sister’s brown dog is very lovely. Adverbial 状语 adv. I like apples very much. His father goes to work early every day. 状语的种类 一. 方式副词 suddenly 突然地????? rapidly 迅速地 warmly 热烈地 ? successfully 成功地 quickly 很快地????? carefully 仔细地 proudly 骄傲地????? angrily 愤怒地 二. 地点、方向副词 here???? 这里??? there????那里 outside? 在外??? inside???? 在内 away???? 远离??? straight?? 径直地 upstairs 上楼??? backwards? 向后 三. 时间副词 now?????? 现在???? then?????? 当时 soon????? 不久???? still????? 依然 tomorrow? 在明天?? yesterday? 在昨天 already?? 已经???? yet仍 四. 频度副词（又称：频率副词） always????? 总是???? usually? 通常 frequently? 频繁地?? often??? 经常 sometimes?? 有时???? seldom?? 很少，不常 rarely????? 罕有地?? never??? 从不 五. 程度副词 very?? 非常??? quite???? 十分 too??? 太????? pretty??? 相当 rather 稍微??? extremely 极端地 almost 几乎??? nearly??? 几乎 Complement 宾语补足语 C 跟在宾语后面，和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，用来补充说明宾语的成分。 We must keep the room clean. You can see kites flying in the sky. My father told me to clean my room after dinner. Appositive 同位语 同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。由名词、名词性词语、从句等充当，放在被修饰词后。 They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. The news that he had come back shocked us greatly. 句子基本结构(5种) 1) 主语+谓语(S+V) He is talking. The train has already arrived. His father got up early. 2) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) He is a professor. He looks happy. 3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) She understands French. We like reading books. The children are playing basketball. 句子基本结构(5种) 4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. My parents bought me a new bike. He passed her a piece of bread. 5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+V+O+C)