蛔、鞭、蛲虫(英).PPT

* * malnutrition and digestive disorders :abdominal discomfort, nausea, colic etc. These symptoms are dependent to some extent of the parasite burden of the host, which in severe cases may consist of many hundreds or even thousands of parasites ,and the mass of worms may block the intestine . * Adult parasites often leave the small intestine to enter other organs , where they may cause various types of pathology, sometimes with severe consequences: * Exposure to -5 to -10℃ and relative humidity 50%, ascaris ova can survive for two years. Ova may persist in shady and deep layer of soil for one year, even up to five to six years. They are resistant to chemical disinfectants. * The infective ova chiefly transmitted hand to mouth by children, through playing thing, or through dirt eating . * * * Trichuris trichiura are so named because of the thread like appearance along most of their body length, which terminates abruptly in a short stumpy tail and looks somewhat similar to a bull whip. * Eggs have distinctive bipolar plugs, are 50 to 54 um by 22 to 23 um and have smooth outer shells. * Whip worm infections are often found in conjunction with other helminth infections, particularly Ascaris. Other symptoms include insomnia, vomiting, rectal prolapse ,prolonged diarrhea, constipation, and flatulence. * The eggs have a sticky albuminous outer layer, and have a characteristic D-shaped , with an asymettrical form, flattened on one side. Scanning electronmicroscope * * * kindergarden * when the worm burden exceeds 100 worms . It causes chronic hemorrhage/bleeding resulting in anaemia. In addition there are often secondary bacterial infections which result in colitis, proctitis and in rare cases, can result in the prolapse of the rectum. Pathogenesis  clinical manifestations Rectal prolapse Diagnosis epidemiology and prophylaxis: Like that of Ascaris lumbricoides Distribution of whipworms in china Enterobius Vermicularis (The human pinworms)