[英语考试]2008 大学英语精读1第三版Unit 9语法辅导.doc

大学英语精读1（第三版）Unit 9语法辅导 天津城市建设学院 沈学甫 Unit 9 Is There Life on Earth? 1. (Line 1) For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land on a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since. 金星上的科学家首次把一颗卫星成功地送上了地球，此后卫星便不断地发回信号和照片。 本句话的后一个分句的谓语部分has been sending back用的是现在完成进行时态。 现在完成进行时的谓语部分由“have/has + been + 过去分词”构成。其功能主要有以下几点： 现在完成进行时表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。例如： I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.我已等了一个小时，但他还没有来。 Jim has been seeing about a driving license for you.吉姆一直在想办法给你弄一张驾驶执照。 表示动作刚刚结束（有时指出结束）。例如： I’ve just been waving good-bye to her.我刚刚和她说了再见。 My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain.我的衣服湿了，所以一直走在雨中。 表示某种感情色彩。例如： Too much has been happening these days.这些天发生的事情太多了。（多事之秋） You have been deceiving me.你在骗我。（气愤） 表示某种企图或尝试。例如： He has been telling me.他一直想告诉我。(He has tried to tell me.) She has been advising me.她一直想劝我。(But she did not succeed.) 表示一个过去动作对现在的影响或造成的结果（相当于现在完成时）。 I have been telling him to study hard.我一直告诉他学习要更加刻苦才是。(He should have passed the exam this time, but he failed.) He has been doing too much work.他做的工作太多了。(Now he is tired out.) 表示重复（指断断续续，而非一直不停）。例如： We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论过那件事。 I have been bidding goodbye to some friends today.我今天同好几个朋友告了别。 2. (Line 4) The satellite was directly into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago.) 卫星对准发射的地区叫曼哈顿（是以金星上伟大的天文学家曼哈顿教授命名的，在两万光年之前该教授用望远镜首次发现了这个地区）。 本句中的known as和named after是过去分词短语，分别修饰前面的名词area和Manhattan。 分词具有动词的特征，同时又具有形容词和副词的特征，因而它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。 单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后，往往可以用定于从句代替。过去分词作定语时与被其修饰词成逻辑动宾关系。例如： A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests. 为贵宾们举行了宴会。 People stared at him in startled admiration. 人们以惊讶而赞赏的目光注视着他。 The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。 Children disciplined when they are young will b