从技术奇观到工业遗产——略论博物馆对机械时代认知观念转变的意义.DOCVIP

从技术奇观到工业遗产——略论博物馆 对机械时代认知观念转变的意义 董一平侯斌超 交利物浦大学建筑系上海市规划与国土资源管理 局风貌处 在当代工业遗产保护中，工业博物馆被认为是保存工业遗存、展示工业文化的重 要模式，与之相关的傅物馆实践与相关理念也不断丰富并拓展着对工业遗产的 认知。现代的“保护”观念从对机械吋代各类产物的不满中产生，但在对工业城 镇与环境进行批判之外，也逐渐产生了对于新的机械发明以及工程技术作品 “有意识的欣赏”。在“工业考古学”概念产生之前，以法国、英国、德国为代 表的欧洲国家，对待工业文明的态度已逐步发生转变，这一转变根植于启蒙运 动以来对“进步”与“奇观”的欣赏态度、对科学与技术的崇拜、对制造行业历 史的自我书写，以及对建立区域文化认同的需要。通过冋溯这一领域形成过程的 多重实践，文章指出，以工业与科技博物馆为代表的新类型博物馆，通过对制 造场景的转变，已成为重新认识机械时代价值的重要媒介，并进一步分析了这 类专题化博物馆的发展对工业遗产概念与观念转变的推动作用，及其在促进工 业遗存“遗产化”过程中的意义。 关键词： 收藏;科技博物馆;技术文物;工业博物馆;遗产化; 基金：国家F1然科学基金青年科学基金 From Technological Spectacle to Industrial Heritage:The Evolving Conceptualisation of the Mechanical Age through Museum Practice Dong Yiping Hou Binchao the Department of Architecture at Xi’ an Jiaotong Liverpool University; Historic Heritage Administration Department of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Planning and Land Resources; Abstract： The industrial museum is widely considered as one important model to preserve and present the industrial culture, while the practices and theory of museums have enriched the understanding of industrial heritage. The attitudes towards industrial culture had been transformed gradually in France, England and Germany before the term industrial archaeology’ was put forward in the 1950 s.This conceptual evolution was rooted in the appreciation of ‘progress’ and spectacular’， the cult of science and technology, the history making of industries, and the demand of regional cultural identity. Through a review of the history of industrial museums, this paper argues that this new type of museums has been a crucial media for the better understanding of the values of the Mechanical Age and promoted the heritage making of industrial remains primarily through a shift of settings of the artefacts. The paper further points out that with various thematic curat ion and collections, the museum practice has pushed forward the formation of the concept and theory of industrial heritage as well. Keyword： col lection; science and technol