9.英汉比较翻译之替换与重复.pptVIP

英汉比较翻译之替换与重复 黄山学院 程汕姗 替换与重复 由于英文重形合，所以通过各种形合手段将比较大量的信息连接在一个句子里，联系紧密，逻辑分明。这种情况下，其代词所指往往比较明确而不易混淆，因此，为了避免单调乏味，英文句子常常采用替换、省略等方式来变换同一个词的表达。而中文则相反，由于汉语主要依靠意合，其隐含的逻辑贯穿全句，因此为了保持句子的“形散神不散”，就需要通过重复的手段来增强凝聚力，保持读者的注意力。所以，汉语往往不使用同义词等替代手段，因为那样会使得精力分散。如，用代词替代： 　　 他讨厌失败，他一生曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且蔑视别人的失败。 　　 He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 替换与重复 词语的替换与重复在英汉两种语言中都是存在的，但是相比较而言，英语倾向于用替换来避免重复；而在汉语中，语言的重复现象则无论在使用范围还是出现频率上均远远超出英语。 英语行文中有一条不成文的规定，即避免重复. “Never use the same word or write the same thing twice in a sentence unless you are repeating intentionally for emphasis or for clarity” 除非是作者有意强调或出于修辞的需要。例如： 替换与重复 It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. 这是最好的时期，这是最坏的时期；这是智慧的岁月，这是愚昧的岁月；这是信仰坚定的时代，这是怀疑一切的时代；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望之春，这是绝望之冬；人们应有尽有，人们一无所有；人们直登天堂，人们径堕地狱。 替换与重复 音节重复 Commercials seldom make for entertaining and relaxing listening. Commercials seldom entertain and relax listeners. Close examination of the results of the investigation led to a reorganization of the department. Close study of the results of the inquiry led to a reorganization of the department. 替换与重复 词语重复 We listened to an account of the customs of the inhabitants of the village. We listened to an account of the villagers’ customs. -Is Mary coming to the evening party? - I hope Mary is coming to the evening party. -I hope so. He seriously maintains that the situation is serious now. He seriously maintains that the situation is grave now. 替换与重复 句式重复 Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is th