[英语学习]The Goernment of the United Kingdom.ppt

The Government of the United Kingdom Progress 1. The old Monarchy (君主政体) (ruled by the King) 1). the oldest institution of government 2). King Egbert: The ancestor of the present Queen Elizabeth II, who united England under his rule in 829. 2). Divine right of kings (君权神授) 1.the sovereign derived his authority from God .? 2. an excuse for abusing power . 4). the Civil war (英国内战 ) In the 17th C. The Republican “roundheads” . ( Oliver Cromwell ) 5). Magna Carta (大宪章） - A medieval Latin name meaning “Great Charter”. - Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. Bill of Rights of 1689 (权利法案) 1.1688 . 2. Glorious Revolution . 3. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. The Constitution Governance based on Constitution No written constitution statute law: laws passed by Parliament common laws: laws established through common practice in courts conventions: rules and practices vital to the workings of govt. Israel Britain: no written constitution The British Government Today The Parliament Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the United Kingdom. The institution is responsible for making and repealing UK law and is also responsible for scrutinizing the work of the government. 议会是英国最高的立法权力。该机构负责制定和废除英国法律负责，也是对审议政府的工作。 1.The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal, state. Parliament consists of the House of Lords , the House of Commons and the Sovereign. 英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由上议院、下议院和君主组成。 2.The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government; (3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day. 议会的主要作用是：（1）通过立法；（2）投票批准税为政府工作提供资金；（3）检查政府政策和行政管理，包