[自然科学]应用光学 第五章.ppt

7.4 Off axial monochromatic aberrations Sagittal plane: A plane which passes through the chief ray and is perpendicular to the meridional plane. 2. Sagittal aberrations Couple of sagittal rays: BD+ and BD- Sine aberration: The ratio of coma to the image height Figures and properties of aberrations 2. Coma The sagittal coma is approximately one third as large as the tangential coma. When coma exists in an optical system, the figures of the image points look like comets. 3. Astigmatism 5. Distortion The distortion means height of the image is not equal to that of the ideal image. The distortion does not reduce the resolution of the system, but it just make the image distorted. Transverse aberrations Tangential transverse aberrations Sagittal transverse aberrations Spot Diagram(像点弥散图) 7.5 Aberration Curves The axial aberrations and chromatic aberrations: The paraxial aberrations of off axis: The off axial aberrations: Tangential transverse aberration: Sagittal transverse aberrations: Aberration Curves: Transverse Aberration Curves: 7.6 Wave front aberration Image ideally: Spherical wave front Wave front aberrations Image composition and decomposition Methods: 1.Divide the object plane into infinite mount of object points , and then the corresponding image points compose the image at the image plane. Amplitude transfer function (MTF) of ideal optical system According this equation, we can get when D’=2.3, the magnifying power Γ is called Effective Magnifying power 1.If D’2.3, we get ,the visual acuity is larger than diffractive resolution. More details of the object cannot be resolved because the diffractive resolution is not large enough,. 2.If D’2.3, we get , the diffractive resolution is larger than visual acuity. The potential does not be made full use of, and if enlarge the magnifying power more details can be resolved. 7.9 Optical tr