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Normative Bias and Adaptive Challenges Evolutionary Psychology标准偏差和适应性的挑战 进化心理学
Evolutionary Psychology
/ep – 2005. 3: 297-325
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Original Article
Normative Bias and Adaptive Challenges: A Relational Approach to
Coalitional Psychology and a Critique of Terror Management Theory
Carlos David Navarrete, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285
Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA. Email: cdn@.
Daniel M.T. Fessler, Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture and Department of Anthropology,
341 Haines Hall, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1553, USA. Email: dfessler@.
Abstract: Adherence to ingroup ideology increases after exposure to death-related
stimuli, a reaction that proponents of terror management theory (TMT) explain as a
psychological defense against the uniquely human existential fear of death. We argue
that existential concerns are not the relevant issue; rather, such concepts can be
subsumed under a larger category of adaptive challenges that prime coalitional
thinking. We suggest that increases in adherence to ingroup ideology in response to
adaptive challenges are manifestations of normative mental representations
emanating from psychological systems designed to enhance coordination and
membership in social groups. In providing an alternative to TMT, we (1) explain why
the theory is inconsistent with contemporary evolutionary biology, (2) demonstrate
that mortality-salience does not have the unique evocative powers ascribed to it by
TMT advocates, and (3) discuss our approach to coalitional psychology, a framework
consistent with modern evolutionary theory and informed by a broad understanding
of cultural variation, can be employed to help account for both the corpus of results in
TMT research and the growing body of findings inconsistent with TMT’
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