Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain Frequency …在频域中的频率的图像增强….pptVIP

Image Enhancement in the Frequency DomainFrequency Domain Filtering Basic steps for filtering in the frequency domain Basics of filtering in the frequency domain multiply the input image by (-1)x+y to center the transform to u = M/2 and v = N/2 (if M and N are even numbers, then the shifted coordinates will be integers) compute F(u,v), the DFT of the image from (1) multiply F(u,v) by a filter function H(u,v) compute the inverse DFT of the result in (3) obtain the real part of the result in (4) multiply the result in (5) by (-1)x+y to cancel the multiplication of the input image. Images Black and white image is a 2D matrix. Intensities represented as pixels. Color images are 3D matrix, RBG. Linear Filtering About modifying pixels based on neighborhood. Local methods simplest. Linear means linear combination of neighbors. Linear methods simplest. Useful to: Integrate information over constant regions. Scale. Detect changes. Fourier analysis. Many nice slides taken from image database. Filtering to reduce noise Noise is what we’re not interested in. We’ll discuss simple, low-level noise: Light fluctuations; Sensor noise; Quantization effects; Finite precision Not complex: shadows; extraneous objects. A pixel’s neighborhood contains information about its intensity. Averaging noise reduces its effect. Additive noise I = S + N. Noise doesn’t depend on signal. We’ll consider: Gaussian Averaging Rotationally symmetric. Weights nearby pixels more than distant ones. This makes sense as probabalistic inference. Smoothing as Inference About the Signal: Non-linear Filters. Filtering to reduce noise: Lessons Noise reduction is probabilistic inference. Depends on knowledge of signal and noise. In practice, simplicity and efficiency important. Filtering and Signal Smoothing also smooths signal. Removes detail This is good and bad: - Bad: can’t remove noise w/out blurring shape. - Good: captures large scale structure Notch filter Add the ? of filter height to F(0,