高考英语基础知识复习学案1.docVIP

专题十　特殊句式 考点一　主谓一致　 (一)就近一致原则1．由or等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时通常根据就近一致原则谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2．here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时通常根据就近原则谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. (二)意义一致原则1．谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)(消息)等作主语时虽然本身为复数形式但表示单数意义时谓语动词仍用单数。is his favorite subject. (2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时虽然形式上是复数但所表示的意义是单数所以谓语动词用单数。was set up? 2．谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词如people等作主语时谓语动词用复数。are searching for the murderer. 3．谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定(1)集体名词如family等作主语时谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义强调整体概念时谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分强调个体概念时谓语动词用复数。is not very large but the family are all music lovers. (2)“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。were looked down upon in the old days. (三)语法一致原则1．由and连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人的双重身份谓语动词用单数。gives lectures around the city. (2)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数The teacher and the poet have just arrived. (3)“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人谓语动词用单数。has the right to receive education in our country. (4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等Bread and butter is not to his taste. 2．表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty pounds enough? 3．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定如果名Two-thirds of the books are about science. Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 考点二　倒装 (一)全部倒装(倒装条件 倒装方法以here等副词开头谓语动词多为be等主语是名词 副词＋谓语＋主语以then开头谓语动词多为come主语是名词 副词＋谓语＋主语表地点的介词短语位于句首且谓语动词为不及物动词主语 介词短语＋谓语＋主语表语置于句首为了保持句子平衡为表示强调或利于上下文衔接 ①Out rushed a cat from under the table. ②Such was Albert Einstein，a simple but great scientist. ③In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. ④Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. (二)部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)倒装条件 倒装方法only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语 Only＋ ＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not)位于句首时 否定副词或介词短语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分hardly...when，no sooner...than，not only...but(also)等连接两个分句时如果hardly位于句首前一个分句用部分倒装后一个分句不变 Hardly/No sooner/Not only＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分＋when/than/but also＋分句so(such)．..that中的so(such)位于句首时 so＋＋系动词/助动词/情