英国概况PPTChapter IV.pptVIP

Chapter IV Growth of Capitalism and the Rule of the Tudors I. Economic Development Manorialism declined and was replaced by a money economy. Villeinage labour service largely disappeared and serfdom or vileinage declined. Lords turned into landlords and serfs became tenants. Money rents replaced labor services and dues. Agriculture was the dominant economic activity, manufacture woolen cloth became important source of wealth and a major export. II. The Enclosure Movement 1. Definition In the end of 15th century the manufacture woolen cloth in England became an important source of wool. Raising sheep became more profitable. This encouraged the landlords to covert arable land and the “Commons”into pastures. Later some of the nobility and merchants started to enclose the land. Large areas of land were fenced without any warning to the peasants. This process was known as Enclosure Movement. 2. The results of Enclosure Movement A. The primitive accumulation of capital B. The continuation of the supply of cheap labor These two factors paved the way for the development of capitalism. 3. Forms of primitive accumulation in the Tudors A. Enclosure movement B. Foreign trade C. Colonial plunder(including the slave trade) III. Foreign Trade 1. In the early 13th century food, wool, coal, tin, lead 2. In the 14th century, the cloth industry grew fast. 3. In the 15th century, more merchants were engaged in the foreign trade,but their commercial activities were limited. To find a sea route became a very important goal. IV. Adventurous Voyages and Well-known Navigators 1. Italian Marco Polo---rediscovered China. 2. The Portuguese, Diaz, Vasco da Gama, discovered the Cape route to India; 4. John Hawkins, started the slave trade in the part of the 16th century. 5. Francis Drake, set sail on a voyage round the world in 1577. V. Movement of English Exploration 1. The three aims in commercial activities of England in the 16th century A.