无线通信原理与应用-ch6.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CSMA/CA CSMA/CA All terminals listen to the same medium as CSMA/CD. Terminal ready to transmit senses the medium. If medium is busy it waits until the end of current transmission. It again waits for an additional predetermined time period DIFS (Distributed inter frame Space). Then picks up a random number of slots (the initial value of backoff counter) within a contention window to wait before transmitting its frame. If there are transmissions by other terminals during this time period (backoff time), the terminal freezes its counter. It resumes count down after other terminals finish transmission + DIFS. The terminal can start its transmission when the counter reaches to zero. * Time Node A’s frame Nodes B C sense the medium Nodes B resenses the medium and transmits its frame. Node C freezes its counter. Node B’s frame Nodes C starts transmitting. Delay: B Delay: C Nodes C resenses the medium and starts decrementing its counter. Node C’s frame Cont. * DIFS Next Frame Medium Busy DIFS Contention window Defer access Backoff after defer Slot Time DIFS – Distributed Inter Frame Spacing Contention window A Cont. * CSMA/CA with ACK Immediate ACK frame transmitted from receiver upon reception of data frame after time interval SIFS (Short Inter-Frame Space) (SIFS DIFS) Receiver transmits ACK without sensing the medium. If ACK is lost, retransmission done. Cont. * CSMA/CA/ACK DIFS Next Frame ACK Data Other Source Destination DIFS SIFS Contention window Defer access Backoff after defer SIFS – Short Inter Frame Spacing Time Cont. * CSMA/CA with RTS/CTS Transmitter sends an RTS (request to send) after medium has been idle for time interval more than DIFS. Receiver responds with CTS (clear to send) after medium has been idle for SIFS. Then Data is