ap1-Chapter-10--Waves教学课件.pptx

Cracking the AP Physics 1 Exam, 2017 EditionChapter 10 Waves “It would be possible to describe描述 absolutely完全 everything scientifically, but it would make no sense没有意义. It would be without meaning, as if you described a Beethoven symphony 贝多芬交响曲as a variation of wave pressure.” —Albert Einstein Imagine holding the end of a long rope in your hand, with the other end attached to a wall. Move your hand up and down, and you’ll create a wave that travels along the rope, from your hand to the wall. This simple example displays the basic idea of a mechanical wave: a disturbance transmitted by a medium from one point to another, without the medium itself being transported. In this chapter, we will discuss waves and their characteristics. 想象一下，把一根长绳握在手里，另一端系在墙上。向上和向下移动你的手，你会产生一个沿着绳子，从你的手到墙壁的波。这个简单的例子显示了机械波的基本思想：一个扰动传播媒介从一点到另一点，没有媒体自身的运输。在这一章中，我们将讨论波及其特性。TRANSVERSE TRAVELING WAVES横波 Let’s take a look at a long rope. Someone standing near the system would see peaks波峰 and valleys波谷 actually moving along the rope, in what’s called a traveling wave.波动 Transverse WaveA transverse wave travels (propogates) in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the median is vibrating. Basically the wave oscillates perpendicular to it’s direction of travel. 横波传播方向与振动方向垂直What features特征 of the wave can we see in this point of view? Well, we can see the points at which the rope has its maximum vertical displacement above the horizontal; these points are called crests波峰. The points at which the rope has its maximum vertical displacement below the horizontal are called troughs波谷. These crests and troughs repeat themselves at regular intervals along the rope, and the distance between two adjacent crests (or two adjacent troughs) is the length of one wave, and is called the wavelength (λ, lambda). Also, the maximum displacement from the horizontal equilibrium position of the rope is also measurable; this is known as the amplitude (A) of the wave. Since the direction in which the