研 Unit 2 Rigidity and Suppleness 英汉对比和 与翻译 研究生 .pptVIP

Unit 2  Rigidity and Suppleness刚性与柔性 English sentence structure is composed of noun phrase (s) and verb phrase (s). It has become an invariable rule to have a subject before a verb, and therefore a sentence that does not contain a subject and a verb is felt to be incomplete. The subject (s) must agree with the predicate verb (V) in person and number, etc. This rigid S-V concord (主谓协调一致) forms the kernel of a sentence, with the predicate verb controlling other main members. English sentences, however long and complicated, can be reduced to five basic patterns：SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, and SVOC: SV (主语+动词) The meeting has begun. SVP (主语+动词+表语) We are students. SVO (语+动词+宾语) The news surprised me. SVoO (主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) She sang us a song. SVOC (主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语) We elected him our monitor. English sentences can be summarized as these five patterns or their variants (变式), expansion (扩展), combination (组合), omission (省略), or inversion (倒装). Variants: interrogative, negative, and passive; “There be + subject”. (2) Expansion: adding modifiers, including words, phrases, and clauses; using phrases or clauses instead of words as the members of the basic patterns. (3) Combination: combining simple sentences into compound or compound-complex sentences. (4) Omission: omitting certain members of the sentence. (5) Inversion: inverting the word order of the sentence. (6) 房子我们盖好一大半了。 (受事主语+施事主语) We have finished a good part of the house. (7) 这些材料只够盖一栋房子。(与事主语) These materials were enough for building only one house. (8) 现在正下着毛毛雨。 (时间主语) It’s drizzling at the moment． (9) 累得我站不起来了。 (无主句) I’m so exhausted that l can’t stand up. (10) 他有个女儿，在北京工作，已经打电话去 了，听说明天回来。 他有个女儿，( )在北京工作，( )已经打电话去了，听说明天回来。（变换主语并省略) He has a daughter，who works in Beijing. Someone has phoned her and it is said that she will be back tomorrow. (11) 十年前也有西欧和尚来到中国，佛号叫做“照空”，我也跟他谈过话，哪里有一点出家人相貌，谈起话来，就像一颗炸弹，时有爆发之势，恨不得欧人天诛地