CH12 Object-Oriented Design 软件工程讲义英语版教程教案.pptVIP

用例(Use Case )建模 目标 描述系统功能、指导系统设计，为系统测试提供依据 特点 面向领域专家和最终用户 图形化表示 构成 描述参与者、用例、用例间的关系 参与者( Actor)：参与交互的用户和系统 用例 (Use Case)：交互过程的动作序列 Actor Use Case 一个用例：看电视 参与者（人） 打开电源 选择频道 调整音量开关 调整颜色开关 关闭电源 系统（电视机） 启动 切换到指定频道 音量变化 颜色变化 终止工作 用例图 Actor Use Case 人 电视机 操作系统的安装 软件工具的安装 软件工具的使用 操作系统的使用 系统管理员 软件开发人员 域控制器 网络服务器的用例图 用例图的细化 参与者的一般特殊关系 例：将“系统管理员”和“开发人员”抽象为“计算机用户” 用例的细化 例：将“操作系统的使用”细化为多个用例 使用案例的一般特殊关系 例：将“软件工具的安装”扩展为各种具体的安装用例 用例的描述 可用 UML 的动作图 专业课程 的学习 课程设计 的完成 学位课程 的学习 《扩展》 《使用》 学位课有更多的要求 包括课程设计 用例关系的图示 Use-case description Architectural design Once interactions between the system and its environment have been understood, you use this information for designing the system architecture Layered architecture is appropriate for the weather station Interface layer for handling communications Data collection layer for managing instruments Instruments layer for collecting data There should be no more than 7 entities in an architectural model Weather station architecture Object identification Identifying objects (or object classes) is the most difficult part of object oriented design There is no magic formula for object identification. It relies on the skill, experience and domain knowledge of system designers Object identification is an iterative process. You are unlikely to get it right first time Approaches to identification Use a grammatical approach based on a natural language description of the system (used in Hood method) Base the identification on tangible things in the application domain Use a behavioural approach and identify objects based on what participates in what behaviour Use a scenario-based analysis. The objects, attributes and methods in each scenario are identified Weather station object classes Ground thermometer, Anemometer, Barometer Application domain objects that are ‘hardware’ objects related to the instruments in the system Weather station The basic interface of the weather station to its environment. It therefore reflects the interactions identified in th