第六章 词类的增减ppt.ppt

第六章 词类的增减 （一） 增词译法 Amplification 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不同，翻译时不仅可以将词类转译，又可以在词量上进行增减。按照英语的表达方式，有些词是有其意而无其形的，这种情况在译成汉语时就要增补一些词语，使之符合汉语的表达方式，从而更加通顺地表达原文的思想内容。当然这种增补不能无中生有，凭空杜撰，而要有一定的根据。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability. 1.读书服务于乐趣，服务于文采，服务于才干。 2. 读书可以使人从中获得乐趣，可以给人添加文采，可以使人增 加才干。 3. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。（王佐良） 1.增补潜在词 I began the book yesterday. 昨天我开始读（写）这本书。 The new American Secretary of State has proposed a world conference on food supplies. 美国新任国务卿建议召开世界食品资源问题会议。 1. What a day! 3. “I will make a man of him.” “我要把他培养成一个堂堂的男子汉。 4. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。 5. Such is war: to the victor, the spoils; to the defeated, the costs. 战争就是如此：胜利者获得战利品，战败者遭受损失。 4. 增补表示复数的词 1. Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 2. They won victories in the past years. 在过去的两年里,我们取得了一次又一次的胜利。 3. The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men. 连大地都震动了， 仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。 4. I have left the marks of my nails in his impudent face. 我在他那张厚脸皮上留下了五条血道。 1. Blood and Sand （电影名） 《碧血黄沙》 2. The farmer snapped a stick and put it into the fire. 农民“啪”地一声 折断了一根树枝，把它放进火里。 3. Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. 一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。 Now, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar. 6. 增补范畴词 由动词或形容词几加后缀-tion, -ness等派生出来的名词， 如： Backwardness: 落后面貌/落后状态 Preparation: 准备工作 sadness: 悲观主义 1. This is the best solution to your problem. 这是你那个问题最好的解决方案。 2. He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer. 他是一个具有爱国热情、探索精神和浪漫风格的作家。 8. 增补某些概括性的词语 1. The paper discussed language teaching and language research. 论文讨论了语言教学和语言研究两方面的内容。 2. Note that the words “ foxy”, “mean” and “ generous” require explanation. 请注意：“狡猾的”、“吝啬的”和“慷慨的”这三个词需要解释一下。 3. The United States, China, England,France and Japan are now cooperation. 美、中、英、法、日等五国正在合作。 1. Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩