The European Environmental Policy with respect to Stationary 相对于固定的欧洲的环境政策.docVIP

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The European Environmental Policy with respect to Stationary 相对于固定的欧洲的环境政策.doc

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The European Environmental Policy with respect to Stationary 相对于固定的欧洲的环境政策

Summary In neo-classical economic theory, international trade is one of the bases for economic welfare. The underlying idea of comparative advantage originally devised by David Ricardo is that countries specialise in producing those goods in which they have a comparative advantage given their the relative national abundance of resources. Given fixed input coefficients (i.e. one production technology for each good), an environment abundant country will specialise in environment intensive product(s) and a labour abundant country will specialise in the production of the labour intensive product(s). In the situation with more than one production technology, environment abundant countries will still produce the environment intensive products and the labour abundant countries will still produce the labour intensive products, but all goods will be produced more environment intensive in the environment abundant country and all goods will be produced more labour abundant in the labour abundant country. In conclusion, the production technologies chosen will differ between countries as a reflection of local factor abundance. Any effort to impose uniform environmental standards on Member States is in conflict with the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem in that it would restrict Member States in exploiting relative differences in environmental scarcity. A logical extension of this conclusion is that the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem provides the neo-classical economic argument for decentralisation of environmental policy in the European Community. The emergence of the European Economic Community has resulted in various programmes to harmonise national legislation as the Community has been evolving towards a common market. One of the reasons for the creation of the common market was to achieve a higher level of prosperity for its participants than could be achieved without a certain degree of integration of national markets. In the 1957 Treaty of Rome, prosperity was conceived in the narrow sen