tc4钛合金激光焊接工艺优化及接头组织性能分析-optimization of laser welding process and analysis of microstructure and properties of tc4 titanium alloy joints.docxVIP

摘要TC4 钛合金因其优越的性能在航空航天、生物医药、新能源、信息行业等领 域广泛应用。但钛合金焊接性较差，焊接过程中焊接缺欠严重，易出现粗大晶粒 和接头脆化现象，导致焊接接头综合力学性能下降。激光焊接相比传统焊接方法 具有能量密度高和焊接速度快等优点，使得接头热影响区小、材料变形少、晶粒 尺寸小，在实际生产中被广泛关注。研究影响 TC4 激光焊接头力学性能的因素， 以便有针对性的改善焊接工艺，提高焊缝质量，对于指导实际生产具有重要的意 义和价值。在自行设计保护装置的保护下，改变激光器的功率和焊接速度在对 3mm 厚 TC4 钛合金板材施焊。焊后对试件进行拉伸、弯曲实验，扫描拉伸断口形貌分析， 测试和分析了焊后接头的力学性能和断裂方式；通过金相照片分析了 TC4 钛合 金焊接接头的显微组织结构，并进一步探讨了组织与力学性能的对应关系。结果 表明：焊后焊件的综合力学性能可到达母材的 1／3 左右，可以使试件有效连接。 焊件的综合力学性能与焊接速度和焊缝“小孔”形貌有关。2300W 功率下焊接 速度越慢焊缝宽度越大、塌陷越严重、综合力学性能越差；焊缝“小孔”越细小， 越靠近正面，焊缝小孔越均匀，TC4 钛合金激光焊接头的抗拉强度越好。焊件断 口平整、有金属光泽，在电镜下观察发现，断口表面有许多条“河流状”条纹， 是十分典型的脆性穿晶断口。通过金相图片发现焊缝的正面、背面和焊缝与母材 交界处出现垂直于界面的柱状小晶粒，焊缝中心是粗大的等轴晶粒和大晶粒包围 的小晶粒。焊缝中心组织为针状的α+β和清晰完整的原始β晶界是典型魏氏体 组织。激光焊接 TC4 钛合金时 Al 蒸发显著，使得焊缝中合金元素β稳定相 V 相 对含量增高；在冷却过程中，β相转化为焊缝中针状α′相的量减少，焊缝的脆 性增加塑性降低，力学性能下降。关键词：TC4 钛合金；激光焊接；保护装置；焊缝“小孔”；脆性断裂；力学性 能AbstractTi-6Al-4V is Titanium-based alloy which is widely used in aerospace indust ry, power industry, navigation, marine engineering, chemical engineering, automo bile manufacturing and other fields, because of its superior performance. But the poor weld ability of titanium alloy, welding defect serious, coarse grain and join t embrittlement phenomenon, which result in welded joint mechanical properties decrease. Laser welding is widely used in practical production, because of its m any advantages compared with the traditional welding method, such as small he at affected zone, small deformation, small grain size, high energy density and fa st speed. Study on the influence factors on mechanical properties of the weld in laser welding, so as to change the welding process and improve the quality of the weld.3mm thick TC4 titanium alloy was welded with the Laser Coordinating prot ector and fixture self-designed in different power and welding speed. With tensi le, bending and measurement experiment and comprehensive tensile fracture cha racteristics, test and analyze mechanical properties after welding joints; through metallographic and quantitative metallographic determination te