步进式加热炉汽化冷却系统及控制分析-vaporization cooling system and control analysis of walking-beam reheating furnace.docxVIP

步进式加热炉汽化冷却系统及控制研究摘要加热炉是轧钢生产线上关键的设备之一。步进炉由于具有加热速度快、生产能力大、温度均匀、烧损少、加热质量好、操作灵活、可步进送钢、步进退钢和踏步等优点，70年代以来已经成为热轧线上普遍采用的先进炉型。固定梁和移动梁均由钢管构成，外表由耐火绝热材料包裹，通过内部流过的循环水进行冷却，故又称为水梁。汽化冷却利用水变成蒸汽时吸收大量的汽化潜热，使水梁得到充分冷却。汽化冷却的介质为高温软水，不但可以避免水梁内结垢，降低加热钢坯出现黑印和温度不均的概率，提高加热炉使用寿命和钢坯的加热质量，而且具有节约水资源、蒸汽能量循环利用等优点。汽包是汽化冷却系统中的核心设备，其液位是保证加热炉安全生产的关键。以某钢铁企业加热炉系统为背景，深入研究了汽化冷却系统汽包液位的静态、动态特性。在对汽包液位单冲量、双冲量、三冲量控制方案进行分析、比较、研究的基础上，确定了三冲量前馈—串级控制方案。基于常规PID控制器和二维模糊控制器，设计了模糊自整定PID控制器，实现了汽包液位三冲量模糊自整定PID前馈—串级复合控制系统。采用Simulink对汽包液位控制方案进行了较为全面的仿真。结果表明，汽包液位三冲量前馈—串级复合控制方案远优于单冲量和二冲量控制方案。前馈—串级复合控制方案使得系统响应速度快、超调量小、稳态误差小、抗干扰能力强、鲁棒性好。关键词：汽化冷却；三冲量液位控制；串级-前馈复合控制；模糊自整定PID；Matlab/Simulink仿真ResearchonEvaporativeCoolingSystemofWalking-beamFurnaceanditscontrolABSTRACTWalking-beamheatingfurnaceisoneofthekeyequipmentsinhotrollingline.Sincethe1970s,asoneadvancedtypeoffurnace,walking-beamheatingfurnaceiswidelyusedinhotrollingline.ithasmanycharacteristics,suchasfastheatingspeed,largeproductioncapacity,goodtemperatureuniformity,lessburningloss,goodheatingquality,flexibleoperation,transportingbilletforwardorbackwardorwithoutadvancingstepbystepetc.Fixedbeamsandmovingbeamsallcomposedbysteelpipesarecalledwaterbeamstogether.Awalkingbeamconsistsofafewfixedandmovingbeams.Theirsurfaceispackagedbyrefractoryinsulatingmaterial.They,calledwaterbeams,aremadeofsteelpipesthroughwhichcoolingwateriscirculating.Intheprocessofwaterchangingintovapour,alotoflatentheatisabsorbedandwaterbeamsgainfullycooling.Thevaporizationcoolingmediumishightemperaturesoftwater.Itcannotonlyavoidthewaterbeamscale,reducetheprobabilityofoccurrenceofbilletblackprintingandtemperaturedifference,improvetheheatedbilletquality,increasethefurnaceservicelife,butalsohastheadvantagesofsavingwater,steamenergyrecycling.Thesteamdrumisthecoreequipmentofthevaporationcoolingsystem.Takingasteelenterprise’sheatingfurnaceasthebackground,thevaporizationcoolingsystem’sstaticanddynamiccharacteristicsisstudied.three-parameterfeedforward-cascadecontrolschemeisidentifiedonthebasisofthedrumlevelcontrolsch