百合lilium spp.鲜切花采后生理研究-lily lilium spp. study on postharvest physiology of fresh cut flowers.docx

摘要本文以新铁炮(￡．×L．formolongiHort．)和西伯利亚(Siberia)百合切花为材料，初步研究了不同药剂(脉冲液、CEPA)处理下切花采后多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲酯酶、果胶、糖类物质、保护酶等生理指标动态变化规律，以期进一步了解百合切花的采后衰老生理。1．新铁炮百合花瓣中上部含水量前期上升，之后缓慢下降，上部下降较中部快，叶片含水量在第2d时上升，之后迅速下降；脉冲液处理对花瓣含水量变化没有影响，但叶片含水量下降较快；乙烯利处理使花瓣含水量急居4下降。西伯剥亚百合花瓣、叶片含水量持续下降，叶片失水最快，其次是花瓣上部。失水是百合鲜切花采后枯萎衰老的重要原因。2．由切片观察证实，花瓣脱落区细胞比周围细胞小且呈长方形排列。3．乙烯利处理促进百合鲜切花的衰老。经乙烯利处理的百合花瓣中上部可溶性蛋白含量下降快，致使花瓣中上部可溶性总糖含量迅速下降；可溶性果胶、原果胶、总果胶含量上升加快；花瓣基部PME活性增强。4．新铁炮百合采后花瓣中上部POD活性升高，但上部升高较快卅片POD活性持续下降。花瓣中上部SOD活性相近，在瓶插期间均是缓慢下降，叶片SOD活性先升高后下降。5．O．3mmol／LSTS脉冲液在常温下对延长切花寿命没有明显作用。6．花瓣中可溶性总糖、蛋白质含量在瓶插期间均下降。花瓣中果糖含量较蔗糖高。7．新铁炮百合切花衰老时，花瓣基部果胶类物质含量迅速上升，而另一品种上升缓慢。两品种百合花瓣基部PME活性先降低之后上升，PG活性前期下降迅速，后期迅速上升，8．西伯利亚百合花瓣中碳水化合物及蛋白质含量都较新铁炮百合多，失水较慢，SOD活性较高。关键词：百合；采后生理；果胶；含水量AbstractChangesofsomephysiologicalindexesincludingPME，PG,pectin，sugarandprotectiveenzymes(superoxidedismutaseandpemxidase)duringcutlilyflowerspostharvestsenescenceundervarioustreatments(STS，ethylene)werepreliminarilystudied．Therelationsbetweenthephysiologicalindexesandflowerssenescencewerediscussed．Theresultswereasfollow：1．Themoisturecontentsintopandmid-petal(L．×L．formolongiHort．)rosefirstandthendecreased，butthelatterdecreasedmoreslowly；anditscontentsinleafroseat2mday,thendecreasedrapidly；itscontentsinpetalwasnotdistinctlyeffectedbySTS，butthemoisturecontentsofleafdecreasedsoonwiththetreatmentofSTS；however,thetreatmentofethyleneledtothedecreaseofmoisturecontentsinpetal．ThemoisturecontentsinpetalandleafofSiberiaalldecreasedanditschangesinleafwasevident．Waterlosswasthemainreasonofcutflowersenescence．2．Thecellsinabscissionzonearrangedintheformofrectangleandweresmallerthantherestofothers．3．Ethacceleratedthesenescenceofcutflowers．ThesolubleproteincontentsinpetaltreatedwithEthdecreasedfast，thisledtotherapiddecreaseofsolublesugar，andtheswiftincreaseofwater-solublepectin．protopectinandtotalpectin，theactivitiesofPMEinbasalpetalroseaswell．4．Withdelayofvaseholding，theactivitiesofPODintopandmid—petal(L．×工．formolongiHort)rose．butthetoppartrosemorerapidly；theactivitiesofPODinleafdecrea