实际热电制冷系统的动态特性及热-电转换过程分析-analysis of dynamic characteristics and thermal-electrical conversion process of actual thermoelectric refrigeration system.docx

实际热电制冷系统的动态特性及热-电转换过程分析-analysis of dynamic characteristics and thermal-electrical conversion process of actual thermoelectric refrigeration system.docx

实际热电制冷系统的动态特性及热-电转换过程分析-analysis of dynamic characteristics and thermal-electrical conversion process of actual thermoelectric refrigeration system

华中科技大学博士学位论 华 中 科 技 大 学 博 士 学 位 论 文 II II 达到 0.48,相比传统散热器结构(风扇+翅片的热沉形式)的散热性能,制冷器 COP 提高了 78%。 再者,从理论分析的角度,针对实际热电制冷系统建立了非稳态热传递能量守恒 方程,并采用本征函数法和有限差分法相结合,获得了关于时间项和空间项的数值求 解表达式。同时,还通过改建的 PWM 性能测试台,实验验证了数学模型对于突变电 压作用下的制冷性能趋势预测的可行性和准确性。 最后,在已建立的非稳态数学模型基础上,自定义构造了脉冲波形函数作为模型 中的电压输入信号,由此建立了描述脉冲驱动模式作用的热电制冷非稳态模型。同时, 还引入了 3 个表征动态响应特性的特征时间,系统分析了脉冲特征参数对瞬态强化热 电过冷效应的作用规律,并尝试揭示了脉冲驱动作用下的瞬态热-电转换过程以及热量 分配机制。具体分析得到:从输入电功的高效转化目标出发,具有单调递增趋势的脉 冲电压相比单调递减趋势的脉冲电压,更能保证实现更高效的热-电转化过程。而进一 步权衡脉冲波形的经济性优势,以正弦波形最值得推荐,甚至超过了常用的方波形脉 冲电压驱动实现的过冷强化作用效果。为了弥补冷侧热源削弱冷端界面制冷能力的不 利影响,可以采取适当延长脉冲驱动时间或者增大脉冲突变幅度,以提供热源更多的 额外帕尔贴制冷量。以上分析为脉冲模式驱动热电制冷器的运行过程控制、系统及其 结构的优化设计和匹配,提供较为准确的理论预测和方案比较。 关键词: 热电元件; 瞬态热电过冷效应; 热-电转换;非稳态传热;制冷性能; 热 电制冷器 PAGE IV PAGE IV Abstract For the continuous miniaturization and high packaging density of large-scale telecommunications and datacenter embedded processors, the interfacial thermal management is universal. Thus, there has been a considerable resurgence of interest for the all-solid-state thermoelectric cooling technology in cooling the active regions of high heat flux. However, there has no practical application with high thermoelectric figure of merit or new thermoelectric materials at present. So, how to optimize the cooling performance with the available material is still an important task with practical significance. More than that, the pulsed thermoelectric super-cooling behavior, namely a phenomenon of a large decrease in temperature instantaneously available for the interfacial heat dissipation, gradually reveals more advantages. But, most previous work on the transient super-cooling mainly focused on the minimum supercooling temperature achievable, and ignored to clarify quantitatively the extent of the interactional effects on the enhancement of the transient supercooling performance, as well as the dynamics analysis on the characteristic time related to the system thermostability. The research was supported by National Natural Science Fund, DDSF (Grant No., the D

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